The term ulcerative colitis was coined in 1888 to describe a ragged ulcerative surface in the colon. Since that time, physicians have conducted extensive research on the disease. Studies have examined what genes and environmental factors play a role in the development of ulcerative colitis. Researchers are also trying to find new and improved ways of treating the disease.

But despite all the research that has been conducted, doctors are still unsure of why and how ulcerative colitis develops. It is probably some combination of a person’s genes and how the immune system in the intestine reacts to an environmental or infectious agent.

Immune dysfunction

Ulcerative colitis is marked by an abnormal response in the immune system. Usually, various cells and proteins protect the body from infection. However, in ulcerative colitis the immune system reacts inappropriately. Researchers believe that once the immune system is turned on, it does not know when or how to turn off. This results in inflammation.

Genetics

A person’s genes can play a role in the development of ulcerative colitis. Studies have shown that up to 20% of people with ulcerative colitis have a close relative with either ulcerative colitis or another gastrointestinal condition called Crohn’s disease. You can find more information about Crohn’s disease at LivingWithCrohnsDisease.com.

Environmental factors

Doctors know that ulcerative colitis is not caused by stress or sensitivity to certain foods or food products. However, both can aggravate symptoms in some people.